AS said:
Putting your A/C back to work, given that the only thing wrong with it is
the lack of refrigerant, is not that complicated, assuming you have a
system that uses R134:
1. You need to evacuate the system, i.e. create vacuum in it to remove
moisture and non compressible gases (air). For this you need a vacuum
pump capable of 29.92 in hg. You need to hold the vacuum for at least 1/2
hour, after which you should close all the valves and check for the vacuum
to stay, otherwise, you have a leak or moisture in the system.
2. At any autoparts, you can buy the charging hose with gauge for around
$25. The charging hose will come with instructions on how to charge the
system. Each 12oz can of refrigerant is about $8 in FL. The best way to
charge the system is to add the refrigerant weight indicated in the label
located somewhere in the engine compartment. Another good indicator will
be the suction line, close to the compressor. It will become sweaty when
the system is fully charged and the a/c is run at max fan speed, max
cooling with the drivers window down (all others closed).
In modern cars it is almost impossible to cause injuries by over charging.
There is a pressure switch that stops the compressor due to too low or too
high pressure in the system.
Good luck
A couple warnings - you don't have to worry much about personal injury from
overcharging, but compressor damage is a real concern. When overcharged, the
refrigerant enters the compressor as a liquid and the compressor tries to
compress it, a problem called "slugging." Compressors may survive hours of
light slugging or be ruined in an instant by one solid slug.
In dry climates the sweating will not occur - here in Arizona I have never
seen it. It will also occur at various temperatures depending on the local
dew point, which can result in unpredictable results. A refrigeration
thermometer taped to the suction pipe is a better bet.
I used to do all my own A/C with a borrowed vacuum pump back in the days of
R-12. R-134a gives none of the indications of charge that R-12 did, and I
have decided to take our cars to professionals for A/C work. It's cheaper
than gambling with the compressor.
Mike